The website also provides access to a database and images of herbarium specimens found at the university of south florida and other herbaria. Genus eichhornia kunth pontederiaceae 1 field guides. Plants profile for eichhornia azurea anchored water hyacinth. The first is a fixedfloating species and the second is a free floating species that is known for its phytoremediation potential. Biological interactions in the cooccurrence of eichhornia azurea and free floating macrophytes doi. It can grow quickly, forming dense mats which restrict light to the underwater environment. Morphological variation in eichhornia azurea kunth and. Eichhornia crassipes is the only floating species in the genus. Populations containing these forms as well as the missing midstyled form are reported from the lower amazon, demonstrating that e. In favourable conditions it forms an amazingly beautiful hyacinthlike flower. This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above. Biological interactions in the cooccurrence of eichhornia. Eichhornia crassipes, commonly known as common water hyacinth, is an aquatic plant native to the amazon basin, and is often a highly problematic invasive species outside its native range. Solms is an accepted name this name is the accepted name of a species in the genus eichhornia family pontederiaceae.
Eichhornia synonyms, eichhornia pronunciation, eichhornia translation, english dictionary definition of eichhornia. They are broadly ovate to circular, 1020cm in diameter. The effects of two freefloating plants eichhornia crassipes. This complete coverage of the surface of the water blocks sunlight and depletes the oxygen available to the rest of the aquatic community. Do changed little in the control treatment, and decreased in tanks with water hyacinth and water lettuce f 2. Water hyacinth, floating eichhornia crassipesa floating perennial herb that is native to south america introduced as an ornamental into the us in 1884. Herbs, annual or perennial, rooting in mud or free floating.
The experiments were carried out in three lakes of the upper parana river floodplain. Submersed leaves are sessile while emersed leaves are petiolate. Eichhornia azurea kunth and eichhornia crassipes mart. Biological interactions in the cooccurrence of eichhornia azurea. Eichhornia wikispecies wikispecies, free species directory. The atlas of florida plants provides a source of information for the distribution of plants within the state and taxonomic information. Under water, the leaves are spear shaped but once it breaches the surface they become more rounded like other species of water hyacinth in favourable conditions it forms an amazingly beautiful hyacinthlike flower. This plant may be known by one or more common names. I totally disagree with the co2 needed for the eichhornia azurea, mine not only are in a tank with undergravel filtration which is meant to be a no go with planted tanks also have a bio filter but they have no co2.
Tanysphiroideus parvulus eichhornia azurea eastern chaco cattail swamps. It is native to parts of central and south america. On oct 2, 2005, trois from santa fe, tx zone 9b wrote. The petiole is never inflated as with eichhornia crassipes. I cant keep up with them, i have to cut them back and replant the ends, so co2 is not needed to grow. Shinners 1962b, but this record was based on a misidentified specimen jones 1160, smu that actually is e. Water hyacinth, eichhornia crassipes mart solms, originating in the amazonian basin, is a warm water aquatic plant. Eichhornia azurea was first named as pontederia azurea by swartz in 1788, and it is a basionym of the current name e. Eichhornia azurea decomposition and the bacterial dynamic. Kunth but differs in that it is free floating, while azurea is e. We evaluated the nitrogen and phosphorus concentration of floating meadows of eichhornia azurea and scirpus cubensis in lagoa do infernao state of sao paulo, brazil.
As its common name suggests, plants are typically rooted rather than free floating, and the sessile lacking a petiole leaves are alternately arranged on an elongated stem. Its leaves are thick, waxy, rounded, and glossy and rise well above the water surface on stalks. Water hyacinth is present in the states of the southeast u. Water hyacinth eichhornia crassipes biomass production. Seasonal swamp with eichhornia azurea roadside ditch with eichhornia meyeri stream with eichhornia crassipes eichhornia is a genus composed of eight species of aquatic herbs with free floating, floatingleaved or emergent erect or procumbent growth forms. It produces rosettes of thick, leathery, ovate to rounded, glossy green leaves with inflated, bulbous leaf petioles that act as floats. General morphology is similar across the eight eichhornia species, particularly flower morphology, but e. Eichhornia crassipes wikimili, the free encyclopedia wikimili, the free encyclopedia. There are no other species outside eichhornia south america, apart from natanse. The cultivation of floating plants in tanks affected water quality. Aquatic free floating or sometimes rooting at the nodes in mud. Specific approval and amendment first approved in 200909.
The goal of this study was to determine the aquatic macrophyte eichhornia azurea sw. Development of seinet, symbiota, and several of the specimen databases have been supported by national science foundation grants dbi 99832, brc 0237418, dbi 0743827, dbi 0847966. Pdf biological interactions in the cooccurrence of eichhornia. Eichhorn, 17791856, prussian statesman piaropus rafinesque, name rejected. Schmitz 1990 and is known only as a waif from several locations in florida r. Even now there is confusion between the two species in some areas, resulting from excessive reliance on the petiole character and an assumption that a lack of swollen petioles means it. It is a free floating, frosttender aquatic perennial that is commonly used as an ornamental plant in water gardens. Eichhornia in world checklist of selected plant families. It is widely spread in the american tropics and subtropics, from the south of the usa to argentine. Revised edition university of hawaii press and bishop museum press, honolulu, hi.
Trimorphic incompatibility in eichhornia azurea pontederiaceae article pdf available in sexual plant reproduction 124. Eichhornia definition of eichhornia by the free dictionary. Vegetative stems submersed and growing to surface, or emersed and short. Introduction details on the biology, distribu tion and economic importance of eichhornia crassipes pontederiaceae can be found in oepp. Kurt stuber, maxplanck institute for plant breeding research photo by. Eichhornia azurea is a perennial aquatic plant with submersed and emersed leaves, up to 100 cm tall. Pdf trimorphic incompatibility in eichhornia azurea. I do fertilize though, but i get growth of around 10 cm every 4 days or so. Eichhornia crassipes is considered one of the worlds most serious aquatic weeds and is a declared noxious weed in many countries. Eichhornia azurea grows rapidly and can very quickly form expansive mats of floating plants, completely covering even large lakes. Since only the long and shortstyled forms of eichhornia azurea swartz kunth have been observed by botanists, the species has been considered distylous.
Eichhornia crassipes is the species best known for its invasiveness. The free floating eichhornia crassipes water hyacinth is a serious. Eichhornia waterhyacinth this plant can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below. Nov 28, 2018 eichhornia in world checklist of selected plant families. Several taxa of this family have spread, as weeds or ornamentals barrett, 1978, outside the limits of their native range eckenwalder and barrett, 1986. Eichhornia crassipes ufifas center for aquatic and. Molecular characterization of the endophytic fungal. Eichhornia azurea is a water hyacinth from the americas, sometimes known as anchored water hyacinth.
Click to display 42 total images development of seinet, symbiota, and several of the specimen databases. We studied the effects of eichhornia azurea on the growth of the free floating macrophytes eichhornia crassipes, salvinia minima, salvinia auriculata and limnobium laevigatum. General morphology is similar across the eight eichhornia species, particularly. The dynamic of plant communities is strongly influenced by biological interactions. Media related to eichhornia azurea at wikimedia commons.
Herbs, annual or perennial, rooting in mud or freefloating. Eichhornia crassipes wikimili, the best wikipedia reader. The dynamic of plant communities is strongly influenced by biologicalinteractions. Water hyacinth eichhornia crassipes biomass production, ensilability and feeding value to growing cattle abstract water hyacinth has now spread to all tropical and subtropical countries and is regarded as one of the worlds most invasive aquatic plants. Water hyacinth is considered one of the most productive plants on earth and. The chemical composition of these plants and of the water littoral and limnetic zones was determined during the period march 1987 to march 1988. Thick green waxy leaves, rounded, circular or elliptical in shape with gently incurved sides. In kenya the experimental use of water hyacinth as an organic fertiliser and animal feed has been undertaken in places such as flower farms the nation nairobi 2004. Molecular characterization of the endophytic fungal community. Media in category eichhornia the following 4 files are in this category, out of 4 total.
Eichhornia azurea anchored water hyacinth eichhornia crassipes common water hyacinth eichhornia diversifolia variableleaf water hyacinth eichhornia paniculata brazilian water hyacinth legal status. Eichhornia azurea, the anchored water hyacinth, is a very attractive waterplant, which is mainly kept due to its very extravagant submersed form. Eichhornia azurea is on the usdaaphis noxious weeds list d. Eichhornia azurea, rooted or anchored water hyacinth, is also native to the greater antilles and tropical america, and is rarely found naturalized in columbia county. Eichhornia crassipes and eichhornia azurea 20080602. Nitrogen and phosphorus concentration of different. We studied the effects of eichhornia azurea on the growth of the freefloating. Eichhornia azurea anchored water hyacinth this plant and the related entity italicized and indented above can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below. Kunth decomposition rate, the time relation with the limnological parameters, and whether this relationship is a result of decomposition processes. Eichhornia, commonly called water hyacinth, is a genus of aquatic flowering plants the family pontederiaceae.
Eichhornia azurea was first named as pontederia azurea by swartz in 1788. Anchored water hyacinth, peacock hyacinth eichhornia azurea is naturalized in texas and other states and is considered an invasive noxious plant. It has long stems which grow to reach the surface of the water. The board of trustees of the royal botanic gardens, kew. Eichhornia azurea is a rooted perennial aquatic plant. The fungal endophytes associated with the leaves of e. Genus eichhornia kunth pontederiaceae field museums field. Eichhornia crassipes is an introduced exotic pest of the eppo region originating from. Eichhornia crassipes, commonly called water hyacinth, is native to brazil.
Eichhornia crassipes is a freefloating and mobile macrophyte on variable water levels. Water hyacinth eichhornia crassipes biomass production, ensilability and feeding value to growing cattle abstract water hyacinth has now spread to all tropical and subtropical countries and is regarded as one of the worlds most invasive. After one month, the introduction of water hyacinth and water lettuce slightly decreased the ph, with the greatest effect in the control without loach and the least in water lettuce f 2, 4 1. The record derives from wcsp data supplied on 20120323 which reports it as an accepted name record 2423 with original publication details. Under water, the leaves are spear shaped but once it breaches the surface they become more rounded like other species of water hyacinth. Eichhornia crassipes, water hyacinth noxious weeds. In the neotropics, with other aquatic plants, it forms floating masses that obstruct navigation. Propagation is by whole plants, stem fragments, fruits, and seeds. Eichhornia crassipes 2008 eppo bulletin wiley online. Eichhornia azurea differs in having finely toothed petals, a more elongated main stem not spreading by stolons and distichous leaves lacking swollen petioles. Biological agents that accelerate winter decay of eichhornia crassipes mart.
1117 1297 1368 231 636 53 717 961 923 245 670 1187 1010 1571 1649 1038 583 137 1633 1164 513 226 688 907 1538 1633 102 1560 1294 921 1178 992 1285 585 369 716 1290 923 1429 355